Various methodologies have been proposed for phenomenology as a qualitative research method. This diversity can be divided into two main approaches: descriptive phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology. In this article, while emphasizing the inseparable link between philosophy and method in phenomenology, an attempt is made to explore the philosophical foundations of hermeneutic phenomenology and to trace this link in the research process. Accordingly, we first refer to the historical contexts of the emergence of phenomenology, and clarify the relationship between hermeneutic phenomenology and descriptive phenomenology, then Through the discussion of the views of Heidegger and Gadamer, it is shown that philosophical foundations in the method of hermeneutic phenomenology play an active role throughout the research process and give structure and direction to how we deal with issues and problems in research. Openness to the phenomenon and being in constant dialogue with it, is the most important feature of this method that as a praxis, from the moment of choosing the subject and encountering the research literature and theories to collecting and analyzing data and writing the research, it is always present and guides in the research

Introduction: Spirituality in organizations is as new phenomenon with ambiguity in its definition and models and culture contexts play effectively roles on it. Therefore, it is essential that nursing community in Islamic Iranian society should define this concept based on Islamic approach.Aim: The aim was exploration spiritual nursing management based on Islamic Iranian society for nursing community.Method: This study was interpretive phenomenology that 15 faculty member with past experiences in management and nursing in universities selected purposefully participated.Semi- structure interviews (30- 90 Min) were used for data collection.Data were analyzed according to Allen & Jayson (1990) method. For truth-worthiness, dependability, conformability, transformability and credibility were in mind.Results: Findings was shown that spiritual management in nursing consists of three themes: spiritual manager (servant, good model, pragmatism and pay attention to his/her staff), spiritual staff (spiritual promotion in personal level and emergent spiritual in organizational level). And spiritual organization (cost-effectiveness services delivery, psychological personal health and goal-attainment in spiritual nursing organization) were emerged.Conclusion: Nurse managers selected who sustainable spirituality in their selves (individual level) would be faciliated and motiviated attaining achievement in their staff and in order to created spiritual nursing organization.

Problem Statmen: The hermeneutic phenomenology is the establishing of a relationship of Being. How these relations can be manifested in a human being in the world is one of the most important concerns of philosophers, including Heidegger-the famous German philosopher. Purpose of the Study: This paper intends to provide an interpretation of phenomenology that can be considered and implemented in the design process. After fully description of hermeneutic phenomenology that is specifically identified with Heidegger’ s ideas, we further clarify this notion by elucidating five certain steps from it that include: Temporality, Establishing a meaningful relationship with the triple extent of temporality, Establishing a relationship of Being between human and phenomena, Establishing the hermeneutical relationship, and Disclosedness. Reserch Methodology: Then, through the case study method, we evaluate three sample products to interpret the steps extracted from this approach. In the following, by presenting a model, we illustrate the relationship between the phenomenological approach and the design process, the way it is applied, and its generalizability in the process. The triple extent of temporality (factuality, presence, and futurity) forms the central core of this model. Finally, we analyze another product to test the proposed model. Conclusin: The result of this paper makes it clear that the phenomenological approach not only can use in product design, but also the case studies show that the use of this method has been able to influence on the success of the user’ s interaction with the product during the industrial design history.

Heidegger believes that metaphysical understanding of art and aesthetic theories have a fundamental influence on our relationship with art and works of art. This issue has spread both to the field of understanding of works of art (as an audience) and to the field of creation of works of art (as a creator). The path that Heidegger offers to go beyond aesthetics and even beyond subjectivism is the "hermeneutic phenomenology of great works of art". This path, from his viewpoint, is the only way to approach the essence of art. In this phenomenological path, he reaches a circle. A circle where one side is the truth of art and the other side is the work of art. This paper seeks to examine how Heidegger, through a phenomenological-hermeneutical analysis of some great works of art, shows that it is possible to phenomenologically investigate the essence of art and take a step towards discovering the truth of art. In this regard, this paper tries to recognize some inherent elements of art. "The happening of truth in the work of art" and "set up the world as a result of the work of art" are among these inherent elements.

This article offers a critical re-examination of ideology within the thought of Paul Ricoeur. It demonstrates how Ricoeur, by transcending Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and engaging with the hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer, alongside Freudian psychoanalysis, develops a hybrid and innovative approach. This framework allows for an understanding of ideology not merely as false consciousness or cognitive error, but as a cultural, historical, and linguistic narrative. The research aims, on one hand, to critique the Marxist reductionism in conceptualizing ideology, which confines it solely to the distortion of reality and the reproduction of power relations. On the other hand, this paper elucidates the positive functions of ideology in social cohesion, the continuity of collective identity, and historical self-understanding. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study gathers and analyzes data based on Ricoeur’s works and reputable philosophical sources. The findings indicate that hermeneutic phenomenology, by emphasizing language, narrative, the unconscious, and history, provides a comprehensive framework for the simultaneous understanding and critique of ideology, enabling a constructive yet critical engagement with this concept that moves beyond prevalent reductionisms to address its inherent complexities. This paper utilizes Ricoeur’s insights to challenge the traditional conception of ideology, presenting an innovative approach to its analysis.

Introduction: During of caring of comatose patients, caregivers involve in a lot of factors which effect on caring. This caring is a holistic care undergoing caregiver’s preferences. Our purpose was to examine the effective factors on comatose patient’s caring.Methods: Van Manen’s conception of hermeneutic phenomenology with purposeful sampling of caregivers of comatose patients was used in Tehran in 2012.The data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Van Manen’s phenomenology.Results: The participants were 5 males and 5 females, 8 nurses and 2 family members and working in critical care units between 6 and 23 years and working as a teacher. 7 essential sub themes were elicited: effective communication, mutual satisfaction, Depression and disappointment of caregiver, Hopefulness of caregiver, Guilty feeling of caregiver, Belief of death in caregiver and Compassion and sympathy then were classified into 1 theme: caregiver’s preferences. This caring means that the caregivers have to realize, percept, understand and evaluate of the caring because the comatose patients are unable to do them. The trustworthiness of sub themes and themes were achieved in our study.Conclusion: The caring in coma is a holistic care and the caregiver is instead of comatose patient. To enhance caring process and to achieve our goals, we created an assessment tool based on the findings of our study; it seems that the results can be used in this regard.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a considerable challenge for infected patients who require more attention for recovery. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experience of patients with COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative, hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted in the southeast of Iran from March to May 2020. The data were purposefully collected from 16 patients with COVID-19. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews and analyzed using the Van Manen method. Results: The lived experiences of patients were categorized into five themes, including incredible clinical symptoms of COVID-19, horror and stigma, bad memories of hospitalization, trust in God and hope as recovery agents from COVID-19, and reborn after recovery from COVID-19. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 have experienced variety of physical and psychosocial challenges. Health care providers have to supply appropriate strategies to fulfill the infected patients needs in such a crisis.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with a wide range of effects on the individual’ s quality of life, emotional state, and identity. Given the lack of knowledge about patients’ perceptions of life with irritable bowel syndrome, this study aimed to describe and interpret patients' experience of living with irritable bowel syndrome Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach on 15 patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to three central clinics. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the participants who were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was carried out using Van Manen’ s six-step methodological framework as a guide. Besides, MAXQDA software was used for data management. Results: The analysis of the data yielded four themes and eight subthemes. The patients’ experiences of living with IBS were manifested through the themes of “ crisis and transient release” (with “ storm in the corporeality” and “ relief” subthemes); “ surrender and harassment” (with “ mandatory submitting” and “ feeling of helplessness” subthemes); “ looking for adaptation” (with “ struggle in obtaining insight” and “ seeking help from coping strategies” subthemes); and “ different self-perceptions” (with “ threatened self” and “ deep self-knowledge” subthemes). Conclusion: Understanding the life experience of IBS patients can be effective in improving the interdisciplinary medical-care programs and reducing their psychological, social, and physical problems. Therefore, carrying out more studies to promote the quality of life of IBS patients is suggested.